Forging and Rolling

Forging and rolling are two of the most important processes in metalworking, known as mechanical forming. Unlike casting, these methods do not melt the metal; instead, they manipulate it in a solid state to change its shape and improve its properties. 

Forging is a process that uses localized compressive forces to shape metal, either hot or cold. Traditionally, forging was done with a hammer and anvil. Today, mechanical hammers or hydraulic presses are used, applying tremendous force. This process not only shapes the metal but also refines its grain structure, eliminating defects and improving mechanical properties such as strength and toughness. Forging is used to create high-strength parts, such as engine connecting rods, tools, and components for the aerospace industry. 

Rolling is a forming process where metal passes between a series of rotating rollers to reduce its thickness and give it a uniform shape. This process is used to produce sheets, plates, rods, and structural profiles. Like forging, rolling can be performed hot or cold.

• Hot Rolling: This is performed above the metal's recrystallization temperature, which facilitates deformation and allows for a more significant reduction in thickness. It is ideal for producing large volumes of basic products like steel beams and thick sheets.

• Cold Rolling: This is performed at room temperature, after hot rolling. This process increases the hardness and strength of the metal and improves its surface finish. It is used to produce high-quality thin sheets for car bodies, home appliances, and food cans.

In essence, forging and rolling are two fundamental techniques that leverage the properties of metal in a solid state to create final products with an optimized microstructure and superior performance.